From 927329de79257d272947e3f883ad574261ff8060 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: pacien
Date: Fri, 30 Jul 2021 01:13:20 +0200
Subject: docs: add container-based cloud deployment to Heroku

---
 flake.nix | 15 ++++++++++++++-
 readme.md | 65 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 79 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/flake.nix b/flake.nix
index b8616f8..5f63359 100644
--- a/flake.nix
+++ b/flake.nix
@@ -31,6 +31,9 @@
     develPackagesAndScripts = [
       postgresql_13        # PostgreSQL server with the standard admin tools.
       python.pkgs.ipython  # Interactive Python REPL for experimenting.
+      heroku               # CLI for the Heroku hosting platform.
+      skopeo               # Docker container upload utility.
+      pwgen                # Simple random token generator.
 
       # More pleasant alternative to psql, with colours and auto-completion.
       # Custom configuration to suppress irrelevant warnings and messages.
@@ -92,7 +95,7 @@
 
   in {
 
-    packages = {
+    packages = rec {
       # Minimal production server.
       # This includes only application files tracked by git.
       # Using `gunicorn` on top of `uvicorn` is recommended for bigger loads.
@@ -100,6 +103,16 @@
         cd ${./.}
         ${pythonWithDependencies}/bin/uvicorn --app-dir app app:main "$@"
       '';
+
+      # Minimal docker image.
+      # The Heroku hosting service assigns the `$PORT` dynamically.
+      docker = dockerTools.streamLayeredImage {
+        maxLayers = 2;
+        name = "app-docker";
+        config.EntryPoint = writeShellScript "run.sh" ''
+          ${server} --host 0.0.0.0 --port $PORT
+        '';
+      };
     };
 
     devShell = mkShell rec {
diff --git a/readme.md b/readme.md
index 569b173..7a16b0d 100644
--- a/readme.md
+++ b/readme.md
@@ -349,6 +349,8 @@ course, asking students to deploy their application on the Internet could be a
 motivational factor. It would also facilitate evaluating and grading projects,
 avoiding deployment and testing hassles to the teaching staff.
 
+#### Standard daemon
+
 The Nix Flake provides a Nix package which can be used to run the web
 application in a production context as a [daemon], managed by a standard [init]
 system.
@@ -356,6 +358,69 @@ system.
 [daemon]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daemon_(computing)
 [init]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Init
 
+#### Docker container
+
+A [Docker] container can also be derived from this package to be deployed on
+popular cloud hosting services.
+
+[Docker]: https://www.docker.com/resources/what-container
+
+##### Example of container deployment
+
+An example of deployment procedure using the free tier provided by the [Heroku]
+hosting service is given below. This makes use of the [skopeo] tool to upload
+the Docker container to the service.
+
+[Heroku]: https://www.heroku.com/
+[skopeo]: https://github.com/containers/skopeo
+
+```sh
+# Log in to an Heroku account.
+heroku login
+
+# Create a new project with a random name, hosted somewhere in Europe.
+heroku create --region eu
+
+# Set a local environment variable with the assigned name of the project so
+# that the next commands operate on it.
+set --export HEROKU_APP 'name of the created app'
+
+# Set a randomly-generated signed cookie secret key for our application.
+heroku config:set COOKIE_SECRET_KEY=$(pwgen --secure 128 1)
+
+# Attach a PostgreSQL database to the newly created app.
+# This sets a connection URL in "DATABASE_URL" in the server's environment,
+# containing the confidential database username and password.
+heroku addons:create heroku-postgresql:hobby-dev --version=13
+
+# Create the tables in the database.
+heroku psql < ./sql/tables.sql
+
+# Prepare a Docker container.
+# This creates a Docker archive streaming script as `./result`.
+nix build .#docker
+
+# Log in to the Heroku container registry to upload our container.
+skopeo login --username _ --password $(heroku auth:token) registry.heroku.com
+
+# Upload the Docker image to Heroku (uploading about ~200MB).
+./result \
+| gzip --fast \
+| skopeo --insecure-policy copy \
+    docker-archive:/dev/stdin \
+    docker://registry.heroku.com/$HEROKU_APP/web
+
+# Deploy and launch the uploaded container.
+heroku container:release web
+
+# If all went well, the app should now be deployed and accessible on
+# https://$HEROKU_APP.herokuapp.com
+heroku open
+
+# If not, logs can be remotely inspected for debugging.
+heroku logs --tail
+```
+
 
 ## Copyright and licensing
 
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